Manuscripts sent to the journal must contain a detailed description of the experimental and analytical procedures carried out that allow the replication of the reported results, and show the results of the study in an objective and commensurate manner. Likewise, documents must not contain false or distorted statements, which constitutes unethical behavior.

Any described idea or result in a manuscript submitted to the Journal that belongs to someone who is not a co-author on it, or who has been previously published, must be appropriately referenced.

Sur y Tiempo is committed to meeting and upholding standards of ethical behavior at all stages of the publication process. As a journal, we follow closely the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) international guidelines for good practices. According to this ethical code, our editors, reviewers and authors should assume the following responsibilities:

Authors Responsibilities

Authors must present original works and not even partially published in another journal. Submitted manuscripts must not be under consideration or accepted for publication in other media, and must be the result of the authors' own work and/or ideas. Under no circumstance is plagiarism accepted.

Authors, particularly the corresponding author, undertake to mention all the people who have collaborated and contributed to the research and its results, and to make sure that all of them have known, studied and approved the content of the article before it is submitted for publication.

Authors must be actively involved in the peer review process and must timely provide truthful information requested by the reviewers or by the Editorial Committee of the journal.

If an article were to be published with numerical, conceptual, spelling or typographical errors, and an author notices it; it is their responsibility to immediately notify the Editorial Board and cooperate to publish an erratum, or retract the article, if deemed necessary.

Authors who want to retract an article must send a letter to the Editorial Committee stating their desire and explaining the reasons for their request. Once the Editorial Committee meets and analyzes the case, a clearly identifiable retraction note will be published in the table of contents and indexing services.

Reviewers Responsibilities

Reviewers contribute to the decision-making for the publication process, improving the quality of articles through objective, fair, and timely reviews. The reviews will have to be formulated in a respectful, constructive tone, and free of personal opinions or value judgments. If a reviewer is not considered an expert or qualified enough to review an article by personal opinion, it must be stated after reading the abstract of the article.

Reviewers must maintain complete confidentiality of the information provided by the editor or author. They will also have to alert the editor of any published or submitted content that is substantially similar to that being reviewed and that has not been noticed by the editorial board.

Editorial Team Responsibilities

The Editorial Committee assumes the responsibility of ensuring compliance with the rules and procedures contained in this statement and of alerting other members when there is a breach of them.

Editors must act in a balanced, objective and fair manner while carrying out their expected tasks, without discrimination in terms of gender, sexual orientation, political or religious beliefs, or ethnic or geographical origin of the authors. They are obliged to consider and accept articles solely on their academic merit and without commercial influence.

The Editorial Committee will ensure that the reviewers, under any circumstances, do not try to get the author to cite irrelevant texts from journals and/or authors with the sole purpose of fraudulently increasing the prestige of said journal and/or author.

The editorial team will not reveal information about the authority of the articles to the reviewers and will follow the necessary procedures to guarantee that the identity of the reviewers is kept anonymous. Nor should they disclose to anyone the content of articles submitted for publication.

In accordance with editorial policies, editors must adopt and always follow reasonable procedures in the event of ethical or conflicting nature claims. Authors must be given a reasonable opportunity to respond to any claim and it should be investigated regardless of when the original publication was approved. Documentation associated with any claim should be preserved.

Editors must always be ready to publish corrections, clarifications, withdrawals, and apologies when necessary.

The decision of acceptance, rejection or conditional acceptance is the absolute sovereignty of the Editorial Committee, based on the judgment they make of the feasibility, originality and contribution of the work.

If a member of the Editorial Committee notices errors or inaccuracies in articles that have already been published, it is their responsibility to inform the other members of the Committee to proceed with a correction or withdrawal as appliable.

Procedures to Deal with Unethical Behavior

Identification of Unethical Behavior

•  Anyone at any time can identify unethical behavior and report it to the editor.
• Unethical behaviors include: plagiarism; omission of co-authorship; lack of any indication of financing sources; submission of all or part of already published manuscripts; use of unpublished articles by an arbitrator, editor or a member of the editorial committee; review of the manuscript while having conflicts of interest; and, in general, any other behavior that compromises the parameters for good practices.

Investigation

• Anyone who informs the editor of unethical behavior must provide sufficient background information to start the investigation. All allegations must be taken seriously and treated in the same way.
• The investigation will be kept confidential, avoiding the disclosure of evidence about the accused person.
• It will be ensured that the accused person has the opportunity to present a defense.

Infractions
In case of slight infractions, the Editor will consult two members of the Editorial Committee. In case of serious infractions, all members of the Editorial Committee will be informed and their opinion regarding the need for an expert to assess the situation and the advisability of informing the employer of who has engaged in unethical behavior should be requested.

Once the investigation is concluded, one or more of the following measures may be applied, according to the seriousness of the infraction:

A. For manuscripts under evaluation and publication process

• Inform the person about the breach of the ethical standards of the publication.
• Warn the person in stronger terms that their behavior is not acceptable and cannot be repeated in the future. In case of repetition, the journal reserves the right to reject the article.
• Delete the manuscript from the journal, even if it has been accepted.

B. For published articles

• Publication of a note or editorial indicating the breach of ethics in the same journal.
• In the case of the electronic version, include a retraction note on the first page, before the article, indicating the reasons for retraction and placing a mark indicating "Retracted article" on all pages of the article.

C. For all manuscripts and articles

• In the case that the conduct corresponds to a criminal offense, report it to the corresponding authorities.
• Send a formal and informative letter to the employer or the institution to which the person accused of the offense belongs.