Oral condition of type 2 diabetics hospitalized between 2015 and 2018. Cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Objective: To compare the oral condition between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetics, hospitalized at the San Bernardo Parish Hospital (HPSB) during the years 2015 - 2018. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 439 hospitalized patients were assessed in the medicine and surgery services of the HPSB during 2015-2018. The prevalence of periodontal disease, caries, and tooth loss was determined. Also, risk factors for periodontitis were evaluated. The distribution of continuous variables was determined using the Shapiro Wilk test and the analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, and logistic regression. Results: 82.05% of diabetic patients had periodontitis compared to 56.52% of non-diabetic patients (p-value <0.001). Diabetics had a caries prevalence of 66.67%, while the prevalence was 62.82% for non-diabetics (p-value = 0.200). The median number of tooth loss was 9 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9 for non-diabetics and 14 (IQR 8) for diabetics (p-value <0.001). Diabetes behaved as a risk factor for periodontitis with an OR of 3.51 (95% CI 2.08 - 5.92; p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Hospitalized diabetic patients had a worse oral condition compared to non-diabetics, reflected in a higher prevalence of periodontal disease and the number of tooth loss. These results suggest the need to improve dental care in hospitalized diabetic patients. Objective: To compare the oral condition between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetics, hospitalized at the San Bernardo Parish Hospital (HPSB) during the years 2015 - 2018.Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 439 hospitalized patients were assessed in the medicine and surgery services of the HPSB during 2015-2018. The prevalence of periodontal disease, caries, and tooth loss was determined. Also, risk factors for periodontitis were evaluated. The distribution of continuous variables was determined using the Shapiro Wilk test and the analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, and logistic regression.Results: 82.05% of diabetic patients had periodontitis compared to 56.52% of non-diabetic patients (p-value <0.001). Diabetics had a caries prevalence of 66.67%, while the prevalence was 62.82% for non-diabetics (p-value = 0.200). The median number of tooth loss was 9 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 9 for non-diabetics and 14 (IQR 8) for diabetics (p-value <0.001). Diabetes behaved as a risk factor for periodontitis with an OR of 3.51 (95% CI 2.08 - 5.92; p-value <0.001).Conclusion: Hospitalized diabetic patients had a worse oral condition compared to non-diabetics, reflected in a higher prevalence of periodontal disease and the number of tooth loss. These results suggest the need to improve dental care in hospitalized diabetic patients.